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Sex differences in emotional concordance.

Julina A Rattel1, Iris B Mauss2, Michael Liedlgruber1

  • 1Clinical Stress and Emotion Laboratory, Division of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria.

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Summary

Women exhibit greater emotional response synchronization (concordance) across experiential, physiological, and behavioral systems than men. This study reveals stronger psychophysiological coupling in women, offering insights into sex differences in emotional processing.

Keywords:
Affective neuroscienceEmotionGender differencesPsychophysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Emotions involve synchronized responses across experiential, physiological, and behavioral systems, termed concordance.
  • Women are hypothesized to have higher emotional awareness and expression, potentially leading to stronger response concordance.
  • Empirical research on sex differences in emotional response concordance is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate emotional response concordance across multiple systems (experiential, physiological, behavioral).
  • To compare emotional response concordance between women and men.
  • To explore the relationship between arousal, valence, and physiological/behavioral responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a random-order film-average design with 15 short films varying in valence and arousal.
  • Assessed experiential (arousal, valence), autonomic (EDA, HR, PEP, RSA), respiratory (RR), and behavioral (EMG) responses.
  • Calculated within-subject correlation indices for concordance between paired measures.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant individual concordance in emotional responses, reaching up to 0.9.
  • Found pronounced concordance between arousal and physiology, and between valence and behavior.
  • Women demonstrated higher concordance than men across nearly all measure pairs.

Conclusions:

  • Emotional responses are highly synchronized within individuals.
  • Women exhibit stronger psychophysiological response coupling compared to men.
  • Findings contribute novel insights into sex-based differences in emotional experience and expression.