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Cumulative incidence of Kawasaki disease with cardiac sequelae in Japan

Yuri Matsubara1, Daisuke Matsubara2, Ryusuke Ae1

  • 1Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.

Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
|January 22, 2020
PubMed

Insights

The cumulative incidence of Kawasaki disease (KD) is increasing, suggesting higher susceptibility. However, the incidence of KD with cardiac sequelae is decreasing, indicating effective treatments for this serious childhood illness.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Kawasaki disease (KD) can lead to cardiac sequelae, increasing the risk of ischemic heart events.
  • Understanding the cumulative incidence (CI) of KD and its cardiac complications is crucial for public health policy.
  • This study examines trends in KD and associated cardiac sequelae in Japan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the cumulative incidence of Kawasaki disease (KD) in children aged 0-9 years in Japan.
  • To analyze the cumulative incidence of KD-associated cardiac sequelae over time.
  • To evaluate trends in KD susceptibility and treatment efficacy based on birth cohorts.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nationwide survey data of 254,984 patients with KD (aged 0-9 years) in Japan from 1991-2016.
  • Calculation of incidence probabilities and cumulative incidence (CI) for KD and KD-related cardiac sequelae by birth cohort.
  • Comparison of CI trends between males and females across different years.

Main Results:

  • The cumulative incidence of Kawasaki disease (KD) by birth cohort (CIBC) increased from 1991 to 2007 in both males and females.
  • Conversely, the CIBC of KD with cardiac sequelae showed a decreasing trend from 1997 to 2007.
  • These trends were observed consistently across both genders.

Conclusions:

  • The rising CIBC of KD suggests an increasing susceptibility to the disease related to birth year.
  • The declining CIBC of cardiac sequelae indicates improved effectiveness of Kawasaki disease treatments.
  • These findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for Kawasaki disease.
Abstract

Keywords:
birth cohortcardiac sequelaecumulative incidencemucocutaneous lymph node syndromenationwide surveys

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