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Disseminated BCG in HIV infection
J Ninane1, A Grymonprez, G Burtonboy
1Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
Archives of Disease in Childhood
|October 1, 1988
Summary
A baby born to a mother with AIDS-related complex developed disseminated BCG disease. Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain was identified in lymph node and cerebrospinal fluid, confirming widespread infection.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is a standard immunization against tuberculosis.
- Maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can impact infant immune status.
- Congenital or perinatal infections pose risks in immunocompromised infants.
Observation:
- A male infant born to a mother with AIDS-related complex received BCG vaccination on day 10 of life.
- At 4 months of age, the infant presented with localized lymphadenopathy, fever, hypotonia, and diarrhea.
- Clinical symptoms suggested a systemic infectious process.
Findings:
- Mycobacterium bovis, the BCG strain, was isolated from the infant's enlarged lymph node.
- BCG strain was also detected in the cerebrospinal fluid, indicating central nervous system involvement.
- Microbiological confirmation proved disseminated BCG infection.
Implications:
- Disseminated BCG infection is a serious complication, particularly in infants with compromised immunity.
- Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial for managing disseminated BCG disease.
- This case highlights the potential risks of BCG vaccination in infants born to HIV-positive mothers.