Anatomy, physiology, and updates on the clinical management of constipation

Clinical management of constipation has evolved from the prescription of dietary supplements, to potent stimulant laxatives, to corrective surgeries for organic blockage. Yet constipation does not respond to a one-size-fits-all treatment. In recent decades, the Bristol Stool Form Scale and Rome III diagnostic criteria have allowed for algorithmic diagnosis, yet these criteria could benefit from further extension and meaningful discussion. This review incorporates pertinent clinical updates and uses the anatomy and physiology of constipation as helpful signposts for the practicing clinician.