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Related Concept Videos

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport

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Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
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Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport

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Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

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Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication
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Biointerface: a nano-modulated way for biological transportation.

Pravin Shende1, Varun S Wakade1

  • 1Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India.

Journal of Drug Targeting
|January 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Nano-biointerfaces enhance drug delivery and cell targeting by leveraging nanoparticle interactions. This technology offers improved efficiency for applications in cancer therapy and gene delivery, with future advancements in gaseous nano-systems.

Keywords:
Host–guest complexblood-contacting devicecell signallingmolecular recognitionnano-based deliverynanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Biointerface science, biochemistry, genomics, cellular biology, life sciences, nanotechnology, biotechnology, microbiology.

Background:

  • The integration of nanoparticles with biointerfaces is expanding applications across various scientific disciplines.
  • Understanding nanoparticle interactions at biointerfaces, including protein corona formation and cellular uptake, is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental principles and mechanisms governing nano-biointerface formation and function.
  • To highlight the diverse applications of nano-biointerfaces in medicine and biotechnology.
  • To discuss the potential of advanced nano-biointerfaces for improved therapeutic outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on biointerface principles, nanoparticle interactions, and theoretical frameworks (Arrhenius, interfacial, electron theories).
  • Analysis of host-guest complexation and biointerface types based on physical and chemical stimuli.
  • Examination of energy of activation's role in biointerface formation.

Main Results:

  • Nano-biointerfaces exhibit enhanced properties like longer contact time, increased surface area, and improved drug loading efficiency.
  • Key applications include cell patterning, gene delivery, blood-contacting devices, and targeted cancer therapy.
  • Potential for improved drug delivery, cell penetration, and on-targeting effects in infected cells.

Conclusions:

  • Nano-biointerfaces offer significant advantages for drug delivery and therapeutic targeting.
  • Further advancements in this field, including gaseous nano-systems, promise increased efficiency and novel applications.
  • The review underscores the transformative potential of nano-biointerfaces in advancing life sciences and medicine.