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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
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Cancer immunotherapy: Pros, cons and beyond.

Shuzhen Tan1, Dongpei Li2, Xiao Zhu3

  • 1Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; Cancer Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
|January 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cancer immunotherapy offers significant advantages over traditional treatments, improving survival rates. However, ongoing research aims to reduce its complexity and adverse effects for better tumor treatment.

Keywords:
CAR-TCancer immunotherapyImmune checkpoint inhibitorsPD-1Tumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in tumor treatment.
  • It demonstrates superior efficacy in prolonging progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to conventional therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in cancer immunotherapy.
  • To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of immunotherapy.
  • To identify future directions for tumor treatment using immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental and clinical studies on cancer immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of current immunotherapy strategies and their outcomes.
  • Exploration of immunological checkpoints for improved efficacy and reduced adverse reactions.

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapy offers significant benefits in prolonging PFS and OS.
  • Current immunotherapy approaches present complexities and uncertainties.
  • Overactive immune responses can lead to severe adverse reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Further exploration of immunological checkpoints is crucial for developing more effective and safer immunotherapies.
  • Immunotherapy holds promise for future cancer treatment, but challenges remain.
  • A balanced approach considering both efficacy and adverse reactions is key for advancing tumor treatment.