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Related Concept Videos

Effects of feedback01:24

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Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
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Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
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If the amount of damping in a system is gradually increased, the period and frequency start to become affected because damping opposes, and hence slows, the back and forth motion (the net force is smaller in both directions). If there is a very large amount of damping, the system does not even oscillate; instead, it slowly moves toward equilibrium. In brief, an overdamped system moves slowly towards equilibrium, whereas an underdamped system moves quickly to equilibrium but will oscillate about...
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Oscillations in feedback-driven systems: Thermodynamics and noise.

Daniele De Martino1,2,3, Andre C Barato4

  • 1Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubjlana, Slovenia.

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This study explores oscillations in feedback-driven systems using stochastic thermodynamics. It reveals that coherent oscillations can persist indefinitely with diverging thermodynamic cost, even with thermal fluctuations.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical physics
  • Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
  • Complex systems

Background:

  • Oscillations are key in autonomous biochemical clocks and driven systems like time crystals.
  • Previous research focused on autonomous and periodically driven systems, with less on feedback-driven ones.
  • Understanding thermodynamic costs and noise effects in oscillations is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate oscillations in feedback-driven nonequilibrium systems.
  • To analyze the role of noise and thermodynamic cost in these oscillations.
  • To explore the relationship between precision and dissipation in feedback-driven oscillations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the framework of stochastic thermodynamics.
  • Analyzed a simple two-state model to study precision-dissipation relations.
  • Investigated a complex Ising model with feedback between magnetization and external field.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that oscillations can maintain coherence indefinitely in finite systems with thermal fluctuations, at the cost of diverging thermodynamic dissipation.
  • Observed subharmonic oscillations in the feedback-driven Ising model, analogous to time crystals.
  • Confirmed the second law for feedback-driven oscillating systems, showing positive total entropy change (including informational terms) despite potentially negative heat dissipation.

Conclusions:

  • Feedback-driven systems represent a distinct class for studying nonequilibrium oscillations.
  • High precision in feedback-driven oscillations can be achieved but requires significant thermodynamic cost.
  • The study provides insights into entropy production and phase transitions in driven complex systems.