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Naturally Occurring Isocoumarins Derivatives from Endophytic Fungi: Sources, Isolation, Structural Characterization,
Ahmad Omar Noor1, Diena Mohammedallam Almasri1, Alaa Abdullah Bagalagel1
1Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 23, 2020
Summary
Endophytic fungi produce isocoumarins, unique metabolites with diverse pharmacological potential. This review details their sources, structures, and bioactivities from 2000-2019.
Area of Science:
- Natural Product Chemistry
- Mycology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Endophytic fungi, microbes residing within plant tissues, are prolific sources of novel secondary metabolites.
- Isocoumarins, isomers of coumarins, are a significant class of these metabolites, known for their diverse biological activities.
- Recent research highlights the unique structures and pharmacological potential of isocoumarins derived from endophytic fungi.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of isocoumarins isolated from endophytic fungi.
- To summarize their sources, isolation methods, structural characterization, biosynthesis, and bioactivities.
- To focus on advancements in the field between 2000 and 2019.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific publications from 2000 to 2019.
- Systematic compilation of data on isocoumarins from endophytic fungi.
- Analysis of reported isolation, structural elucidation, and bioactivity studies.
Main Results:
- The review covers 307 distinct isocoumarin metabolites from endophytic fungi.
- Detailed information on the origin, isolation techniques, structural features, and biosynthetic pathways is presented.
- A wide spectrum of bioactivities, including antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties, are documented.
Conclusions:
- Endophytic fungi are a rich source of structurally diverse and biologically active isocoumarins.
- This review consolidates current knowledge, highlighting the therapeutic potential of these compounds.
- Further research into endophytic isocoumarins promises novel drug discovery opportunities.
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