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Early energy restriction in premature infants and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a cohort study

Jose Uberos1, Sara Jimenez-Montilla1, Manuel Molina-Oya1

  • 1Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Cecilio Clinical Hospital, Medicine Faculty, Granada, Spain.

The British Journal of Nutrition
|January 23, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Poor early nutrition increases bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) risk in premature infants. Insufficient energy intake during the first week of life was linked to a higher risk of developing BPD in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex condition affecting premature infants.
  • Previous research suggests a link between inadequate postnatal nutrition and BPD development.
  • Early nutritional support is critical for VLBW infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between energy intake in the first week of life and BPD in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
  • To quantify the risk of BPD related to early energy and macronutrient intake.
  • To inform nutritional strategies for preventing BPD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study analyzing nutritional and clinical histories.
  • Inclusion of 389 VLBW infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit.
  • Assessment of enteral and parenteral macronutrient and fluid intake during the first week of life.

Main Results:

  • Infants who developed BPD had significantly lower energy and lipid intake compared to those without BPD.
  • Higher fluid intake was observed in newborns with BPD.
  • Energy intake below 1778.2 kJ/kg in the first week was associated with a 2-fold increased adjusted risk of BPD.

Conclusions:

  • Lower early energy intake is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing BPD in VLBW infants.
  • Optimizing energy and nutrient delivery in the first week of life may reduce BPD incidence.
  • Early nutrition is a modifiable factor in BPD prevention.

Keywords:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaNeonatal morbidityNutritionVery low birth weight newborns

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