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Related Concept Videos

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A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous...
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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Three-dimensional Navigation-guided, Prone, Single-position, Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Technique
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Dynamic interactions between lumbar intervertebral motion segments during forward bending and return.

Alexander Breen1, Alan Breen2

  • 1Centre for Biomechanics Research, AECC University College, UK.

Journal of Biomechanics
|January 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that while lumbar motion sharing is unequal in healthy individuals, chronic low back pain patients exhibit more pronounced inequalities, particularly at L4-L5, L5-S1, and L3-L4 levels.

Keywords:
Low back painLumbar spineMotion shareQuantitative fluoroscopyVertebral motion

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Spinal Motion Analysis
  • Low Back Pain Research

Background:

  • Understanding lumbar spine biomechanics is crucial for back pain research.
  • Previous studies have not continuously measured motion contributions at individual lumbar levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare motion contributions of adjacent lumbar segments in chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) patients versus controls.
  • To analyze intersegmental motion sharing during active weight-bearing lumbar flexion and return.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative fluoroscopy (QF) was used to measure dynamic, multi-segmental lumbar motion.
  • Eight CNSLBP patients and eight matched asymptomatic controls underwent guided standing lumbar flexion.
  • Intersegmental motion sharing from L2 to S1 was calculated and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Both groups showed highest motion sharing at L2-L3 and L3-L4, and lowest at L5-S1, except at maximum flexion (L4-L5).
  • CNSLBP patients displayed increased motion sharing variability at L4-L5.
  • Patients showed reduced angular range and contribution at L5-S1, and greater average motion sharing at L3-L4.

Conclusions:

  • Intervertebral motion sharing inequality is normal during lumbar flexion.
  • CNSLBP patients exhibit more pronounced motion sharing inequality and increased variability at certain levels.
  • These differences may stem from altered muscular activity or disc mechanics.