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Inhibition of HIV Replication by Apolipoprotein A-I Binding Protein Targeting the Lipid Rafts.

Larisa Dubrovsky1, Adam Ward1, Soo-Ho Choi2

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Summary

Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) restricts HIV replication by reducing lipid rafts and inhibiting virus-cell fusion. Knockdown of AIBP increased HIV replication, while its addition reduced it, particularly in monocyte-derived macrophages.

Keywords:
AIBPHIVHLANefexosomesextracellular vesiclesfusionlipid rafts

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) regulates lipid rafts and cholesterol efflux, potentially offering protection in conditions like atherosclerosis.
  • AIBP's role in viral infections, specifically HIV, and its interaction with lipid rafts were previously unexplored.
  • Lipid rafts are crucial for HIV entry and replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of AIBP in regulating HIV replication.
  • To determine if AIBP affects HIV-cell fusion and lipid raft abundance.
  • To explore AIBP's efficacy in different cell types and its interaction with HIV accessory proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Exogenous AIBP addition and endogenous AIBP knockdown experiments in cell cultures and humanized mice.
  • Assessment of lipid raft abundance and HIV replication rates.
  • Analysis of HIV-cell fusion, particularly in the presence of HIV Nef protein and exosomes.

Main Results:

  • Exogenous AIBP reduced lipid rafts and inhibited HIV replication in vitro and in humanized mice; AIBP knockdown increased replication.
  • AIBP was more effective in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) than activated T cells, inhibiting fusion mediated by Nef or Nef-containing exosomes.
  • Cells with the HLA-B*35 genotype, linked to rapid HIV progression, showed reduced AIBP binding and lack of protection.

Conclusions:

  • AIBP acts as an innate factor restricting HIV replication by targeting lipid rafts and inhibiting virus-cell fusion.
  • Nef exosomes modulate lipid rafts, influencing HIV-cell fusion sensitivity to AIBP.
  • AIBP's anti-HIV activity is influenced by cell type and host genetic factors like HLA genotype.