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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....

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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

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The Placebo Response in Adult ADHD as Objectively Assessed by the TOVA Continuous Performance Test.

Ann Rotem¹, Joseph Ben-Sheetrit², Jeffrey Newcorn³

¹Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.

Journal of Attention Disorders

|January 23, 2020

Summary

The Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) showed the highest placebo response (PR) in adults with ADHD. Combining TOVA and Conners

Keywords:

adult ADHD continuous performance test placebo response

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry

Background:

Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
Accurate assessment of treatment response is crucial for effective ADHD management.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare placebo response (PR) using the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) and Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS).
To evaluate the reliability and validity of different outcome measures in adult ADHD clinical trials.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of data from a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of metadoxine-ER in adults with ADHD.
Comparison with an additional database for TOVA response after methylphenidate challenge (TOVA-MPH-R).

Main Results:

Placebo response was highest when calculated from the TOVA-Attention Composite Score (ACS).
Fewer variables improved concomitantly in PR compared to methylphenidate response (MPH-R).
A significant age-dependent correlation was found between CAARS-PR and TOVA-PR Omissions score (p = .032).

Conclusions:

TOVA-PR exhibits an index-specific profile distinct from CAARS-PR and TOVA-MPH-R.
Partial correlation between TOVA-PR and CAARS-PR suggests a combined score could enhance response assessment reliability in adult ADHD.