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Related Concept Videos

Ovaries01:26

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The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
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The uterine wall consists of three histological layers: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The outermost perimetrium is a thin, serous membrane connected with the broad ligament on the sides, which helps anchor the uterus in the pelvic cavity. The thickest layer, myometrium, is mainly made up of smooth muscle tissue bundles. Its contractions are vital in facilitating the expulsion of the uterine lining, fetus, and placenta during menstruation and childbirth.
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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Struma ovarii with unique histological features: a case report.

Mitsumasa Osakabe1, Tomoyuki Fukagawa1, Daisuke Fukagawa1

  • 1Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University 19-1, Morioka 020-8505, Iwate, Japan.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology
|January 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This case study reveals struma ovarii with unique histology. Loss of E-cadherin expression in de-differentiated areas, linked to ZEB1, suggests a role in tumor progression without KRAS or BRAF mutations.

Keywords:
OvaryZEB1epithelial to mesenchymal transitionimmunohistochemistrystruma ovarii

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Pathology
  • Oncology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Struma ovarii is a rare germ cell tumor composed of mature thyroid tissue.
  • Understanding its pathogenesis, especially de-differentiation, is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Observation:

  • A 57-year-old woman presented with a large, multilocular cystic ovarian tumor.
  • Histological examination revealed both differentiated and de-differentiated patterns of struma ovarii.

Findings:

  • Immunohistochemistry showed E-cadherin present in differentiated areas but lost in de-differentiated areas.
  • ZEB1 expression was observed in de-differentiated components, suggesting a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
  • No KRAS or BRAF mutations were detected in either tumor component.

Implications:

  • The transition from differentiated to de-differentiated struma ovarii may be associated with E-cadherin loss and ZEB1 upregulation.
  • This process appears independent of KRAS and BRAF mutations, offering insights into tumor progression mechanisms.
  • Further research into EMT markers could elucidate struma ovarii de-differentiation pathways.