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Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis.

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A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak highlights the public health risk of coronaviruses (CoVs). This review covers general CoV features and diseases in humans and animals, emphasizing wildlife reservoirs like bats.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Zoonosis

Background:

  • Coronaviruses (CoVs) pose significant public health risks, as evidenced by the emergence of novel strains.
  • The 2019-nCoV outbreak in Wuhan underscores the need to understand CoV biology and transmission.
  • Wildlife, particularly bats, are known reservoirs for diverse CoVs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise overview of general coronavirus features.
  • To describe diseases caused by various CoVs in both human and animal populations.
  • To enhance understanding of CoV biology and zoonotic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of coronaviruses.
  • Synthesis of information on CoV diseases.
  • Analysis of CoV characteristics and host interactions.

Main Results:

  • Coronaviruses exhibit diverse pathogenicities in humans and animals.
  • Wildlife reservoirs harbor a wide array of CoVs with zoonotic potential.
  • Understanding CoV biology is crucial for predicting and mitigating future outbreaks.

Conclusions:

  • The emergence of 2019-nCoV emphasizes the ongoing threat of coronaviruses.
  • Comprehensive knowledge of CoV diversity and ecology is essential for public health preparedness.
  • Further research into bat CoVs and other wildlife reservoirs is warranted.