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Renal ultrastructural alterations induced by various preparations of mefenamic acid
Qais Bashir Jarrar1,2, Muhammad Nazrul Hakim2, Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria2
1Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Isra University, Amman, Jordan.
Abstract:
Mefenamic acid (MFA) treatment is associated with a number of cellular effects that potentiate the incidence of renal toxicity. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential ultrastructural alterations induced by various preparations of MFA (free MFA, MFA-Tween 80 liposomes, and MFA-DDC liposomes) on the renal tissues. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a daily dose of MFA preparations for 28 days. Renal biopsies from all groups of rats under study were processed for transmission electron microscopic examination. The findings revealed that MFA preparations induced various ultrastructural alterations including mitochondrial injury, nuclear and lysosomal alterations, tubular cells steatosis, apoptotic activity, autophagy, and nucleophagy. These alterations were more clear in rats received free MFA, and MFA-Tween 80 liposomes than those received MFA-DDC liposomes. It is concluded that MFA-DDC liposomes are less potential to induce renal damage than free MFA and MFA-Tween 80 liposomes. Thus, MFA-DDC liposomes may offer an advantage of safe drug delivery.
Insights
Mefenamic acid (MFA) can cause kidney damage. A study found that MFA-DDC liposomes caused fewer cellular changes in rat kidneys compared to free MFA, suggesting safer drug delivery.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Mefenamic acid (MFA) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug known to cause renal toxicity.
- Understanding the cellular mechanisms of MFA-induced kidney damage is crucial for developing safer drug formulations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the ultrastructural alterations in renal tissues induced by different mefenamic acid (MFA) preparations.
- To compare the nephrotoxic potential of free MFA, MFA-Tween 80 liposomes, and MFA-DDC liposomes.
Main Methods:
- Sprague-Dawley rats received daily doses of free MFA, MFA-Tween 80 liposomes, or MFA-DDC liposomes for 28 days.
- Renal biopsies were examined using transmission electron microscopy to assess ultrastructural changes.
Main Results:
- MFA preparations induced mitochondrial injury, nuclear and lysosomal alterations, tubular cell steatosis, apoptosis, autophagy, and nucleophagy.
- These renal alterations were more pronounced with free MFA and MFA-Tween 80 liposomes compared to MFA-DDC liposomes.
Conclusions:
- Mefenamic acid-DDC liposomes demonstrate a reduced potential for inducing renal damage compared to free MFA and MFA-Tween 80 liposomes.
- MFA-DDC liposomes may represent a safer alternative for drug delivery, minimizing nephrotoxicity.
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