What We Can Find Beyond the Classic Neuroimaging Findings of Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome?

In 1947, Zika virus (ZIKV) was first discovered in Monkeys, in Zika Forest, in Uganda, Africa. Five years later, (1952) the first human Zika infection was detected in Nigeria, Africa. After this date, only sporadic cases happened, until the first 3 epidemics occurred, all outside Africa. The first epidemic was in Yap Island in 2007, the second in French Polynesia in 2013, and the third in 2015 in the northeast of Brazil, and then the spread to the Americas in 2015 and 2016. However, it was only after the epidemic in the northeast of Brazil, in the first half of 2015, that many babies were born with microcephaly in the second semester of that same year and in 2016. Until now, every year, some babies are still born with congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZVS).

The objective of this article is to describe infrequent and rarely discussed imaging (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) findings of CZVS, in addition to those classically described such as a simplified gyral pattern, ventriculomegaly, corpus callosum dysgenesis, craniofacial disproportion, and redundant scalp, thus suggesting an increase in the spectrum of neurological findings related to the syndrome.