Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:25

Aromatic Compounds: Overview

13.2K
In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early history of organic chemistry, many benzene derivatives were isolated from the pleasant odor oils of the plants. For example, vanillin was isolated from the oil of vanilla, methyl salicylate from the oil of wintergreen, and cinnamaldehyde from the oil of cinnamon. They all had a pleasant odor; hence the name aromatic was given.
In 1825, Faraday isolated...
13.2K
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

9.8K
Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
9.8K
NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds01:14

NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds

6.0K
Aromatic compounds can be identified or analyzed using proton NMR and carbon‐13 NMR. Typically, aromatic hydrogens or hydrogens directly bonded to the aromatic rings are strongly deshielded by the aromatic ring current. Therefore, they absorb in the range of 6.5–8.0 ppm in proton NMR spectra. For instance, aromatic hydrogens directly bonded to the benzene ring absorb at 7.3 ppm. However, aromatic hydrogens of larger rings absorb farther upfield or downfield than the ideal range.
6.0K
Criteria for Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule01:20

Criteria for Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule

12.5K
Like benzene, cyclobutadiene and cyclooctatetraene are cyclic compounds with alternate single and double bonds. However, their chemical behavior differs from benzene, as they are unstable and not aromatic. So, what are the structural characteristics of unsaturated compounds categorized as aromatic?  
For the first time, Eric Hückel, a German chemical physicist, derived a set of structural features for a compound to be classified as aromatic. This is now known as Hückel’s rule or the 4n +...
12.5K
Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

5.1K
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom,...
5.1K
Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes01:29

Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes

5.0K
The Diels–Alder reaction brings together a diene and a dienophile to form a six-membered ring. Both components have unique characteristics that influence the rate of the reaction.
Characteristics of the diene
Conformation
The simplest example of a diene is 1,3-butadiene, an acyclic conjugated π system. At room temperature, the molecule exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformers by virtue of rotation around the carbon–carbon single bond. Although the s-trans isomer is more stable,...
5.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Valorization of Zingiber officinale Roscoe leaf biomass: phytotoxic potential and chemical profiling toward sustainable weed management.

Journal of the science of food and agriculture·2026
Same author

Bioprospecting of Natural Products as Sources of New Multitarget Therapies.

Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies of Campylospermum Species (Ochnaceae): An Updated Review.

Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Effect-based spatiotemporal assessment of suspended particulate matter in the River Rhine: An early warning platform for environmental monitoring.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

Topical Piperine for the Management of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Case Series.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Targeting oncogenic signaling pathways in head and neck cancer using nano-phytomedicine: Molecular insights and therapeutic potential.

Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
07:59

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

Published on: October 4, 2019

10.3K

Monoterpenes: Essential Oil Components with Valuable Features.

Anahita Boveiri Dehsheikh1, Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani1, Paria Boveiri Dehsheikh1

  • 1Horticultural Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
|January 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Monoterpenes, volatile compounds from medicinal plants, offer valuable features for humans. This review details their structures, biosynthesis, plant sources, bioactivities, and diverse industrial applications.

Keywords:
Anticancerantimicrobialantioxidantbioherbicidesessential oilinsecticidesmonoterpenespreservativessecondary metabolitesvolatile aromatic oils

More Related Videos

Transient Expression in Nicotiana Benthamiana Leaves for Triterpene Production at a Preparative Scale
08:56

Transient Expression in Nicotiana Benthamiana Leaves for Triterpene Production at a Preparative Scale

Published on: August 16, 2018

18.0K
Author Spotlight: In Vitro Co-Culture System of Pine Shoots and Pinewood Nematode for Studying Host Volatile Response
08:42

Author Spotlight: In Vitro Co-Culture System of Pine Shoots and Pinewood Nematode for Studying Host Volatile Response

Published on: September 27, 2024

1.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 30, 2025

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
07:59

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

Published on: October 4, 2019

10.3K
Transient Expression in Nicotiana Benthamiana Leaves for Triterpene Production at a Preparative Scale
08:56

Transient Expression in Nicotiana Benthamiana Leaves for Triterpene Production at a Preparative Scale

Published on: August 16, 2018

18.0K
Author Spotlight: In Vitro Co-Culture System of Pine Shoots and Pinewood Nematode for Studying Host Volatile Response
08:42

Author Spotlight: In Vitro Co-Culture System of Pine Shoots and Pinewood Nematode for Studying Host Volatile Response

Published on: September 27, 2024

1.1K

Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Natural Product Chemistry

Background:

  • Medicinal plants produce diverse secondary metabolites, notably monoterpenes.
  • Monoterpenes are volatile isoprenoid compounds found in essential oils.
  • These compounds possess significant biological and industrial relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of monoterpenes.
  • To detail their chemical structures, classification, and biosynthesis.
  • To explore their bioactivities, pharmacological effects, and applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific databases.
  • Analysis of chemical structures and biosynthetic pathways.
  • Compilation of data on bioactivities and industrial uses.

Main Results:

  • Monoterpenes exhibit varied chemical structures and biosynthesis routes.
  • Numerous plant families are rich sources of these compounds.
  • Significant pharmacological and pesticidal effects were reported, alongside diverse industrial applications.

Conclusions:

  • Monoterpenes are versatile compounds with broad applications.
  • Understanding their properties is crucial for medicinal and industrial use.
  • Further research can unlock new therapeutic and commercial potentials.