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Virulence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) isolates from Mexico

Celene Salgado-Miranda1,2, Edith Rojas-Anaya3, Gary García-Espinosa4

  • 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
|January 24, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Mexican rainbow trout experienced infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) outbreaks. This study found Mexican IPNV isolates pathogenic but less virulent than the Sp strain, suggesting other factors influence disease.

Area of Science:

  • Aquaculture
  • Virology
  • Fish Pathology

Background:

  • Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) poses significant economic threats to the global rainbow trout industry.
  • Understanding the virulence and genetic characteristics of regional IPNV strains is crucial for effective disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the virulence and genetic fingerprints of Mexican Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) isolates for the first time.
  • To compare the pathogenicity of Mexican IPNV isolates with a highly virulent reference strain (Sp) in rainbow trout fry.

Main Methods:

  • Two Mexican IPNV isolates, one from diseased fish and one from asymptomatic fish, were analyzed.
  • Rainbow trout fry were infected via a standardized immersion method, with the Sp strain used as a control.
  • Clinical signs, mortality, and lesion development were monitored post-infection.

Main Results:

  • Clinical signs appeared earlier (4 days post-infection) in the Sp strain group compared to Mexican isolates (6 days post-infection).
  • Severe lesions were observed in 100% of fish infected with the Sp strain, versus 25% in each Mexican isolate group.
  • Mexican IPNV isolates demonstrated pathogenicity but exhibited lower virulence than the Sp strain.

Conclusions:

  • Mexican IPNV isolates are pathogenic to rainbow trout fry, though less virulent than the Sp strain.
  • Amino acid motif analysis suggests Mexican isolates are associated with subclinical disease.
  • Field observations indicate that factors beyond viral genetics likely contribute to IPNV virulence in rainbow trout populations.
Keywords:
Mexicogenetic fingerprintsinfectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)rainbow troutvirulence

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