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Related Concept Videos

Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

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Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
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Electrical Synapses01:28

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Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
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A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)01:32

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Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
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Evaluation of Synaptic Multiplicity Using Whole-cell Patch-clamp Electrophysiology
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Synaptic weighting in single flux quantum neuromorphic computing.

M L Schneider1, C A Donnelly2,3, I W Haygood2

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA. michael.schneider@nist.gov.

Scientific Reports
|January 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Josephson junctions show promise for neuromorphic computing. This study demonstrates a synaptic circuit using adjustable critical current magnetic Josephson junctions (MJJs) for synaptic weighting in SFQ circuits.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuromorphic computing
  • Superconducting electronics
  • Quantum computing

Background:

  • Josephson junctions are natural neuron-like devices for neuromorphic computing.
  • Advances in digital single flux quantum (SFQ) circuits and magnetic Josephson junction (MJJ) synaptic circuits offer potential for rapid progress.
  • Implementing synaptic weighting elements is crucial for building effective neuromorphic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the functionality of a synaptic circuit design utilizing the adjustable critical current of MJJs.
  • To implement a synaptic weighting element for SFQ-based neuromorphic computing.
  • To validate the design through experimental measurements and simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of circuits using a restively shunted Nb/AlOx-Al/Nb process.
  • Testing MJJ functionality by creating multiple circuits with varied critical currents, while keeping shunt resistance constant.
  • Utilizing oxide Josephson junctions to emulate MJJ behavior.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated basic functionality of the proposed synaptic circuit design.
  • Experimental measurements and simulations showed good agreement, validating the circuit's performance.
  • The adjustable critical current of MJJs was successfully leveraged for synaptic weighting.

Conclusions:

  • The demonstrated synaptic circuit design shows potential for advancing SFQ-based neuromorphic computing.
  • The use of MJJs with adjustable critical currents offers a viable approach for synaptic weighting elements.
  • Further development of MJJ-based circuits could lead to more sophisticated and efficient neuromorphic systems.