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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
325
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

309
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
309
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

175
Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
175
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

266
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
266
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

361
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
361
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

5.3K
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in Rat
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A rare infective endocarditis caused by Vagococcus fluvialis.

Kartik Pandurang Jadhav1, Praveen G Pai1

  • 1Department of Adult Cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India.

Journal of Cardiology Cases
|January 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a rare Vagococcus fluvialis infection causing severe aortic valve damage in a 70-year-old man. Prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention were crucial for successful management of this fulminant bacterial endocarditis.

Keywords:
Aggressive endocarditisRare infective endocarditisVagococcal infective endocarditisVagococcus fluvialis endocarditis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Vagococcus is a rare genus of Gram-positive bacteria, first identified in 1989.
  • Human infections with Vagococcus are exceptionally uncommon, with limited documented cases.
  • Bacterial endocarditis requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent severe valvular damage.

Observation:

  • A 70-year-old male presented with high-grade fever and acute respiratory distress.
  • Physical examination revealed a diastolic murmur, and transesophageal echocardiography showed severe aortic regurgitation with vegetations.
  • Blood cultures identified Vagococcus fluvialis, confirmed by molecular methods and antibiotic susceptibility testing.

Findings:

  • The patient underwent successful aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve.
  • Post-operative blood cultures were sterile, and the patient completed a six-week course of vancomycin.
  • This case highlights the fulminant nature of V. fluvialis endocarditis, leading to rapid valvular destruction.

Implications:

  • Accurate and timely diagnosis of Vagococcus infections is critical due to their potential for rapid deterioration.
  • Distinguishing Vagococcus from similar bacteria like lactobacilli is essential for appropriate treatment.
  • Early surgical intervention, alongside antibiotic therapy, is paramount for managing severe V. fluvialis endocarditis.