Triarchic or septarchic?-Uncovering the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure's (TriPM) structure

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Psychopathology
• Personality Assessment

Background:

• The Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) is theoretically based on a three-dimensional model.
• Empirical validation of the TriPM's proposed three-factor structure is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To rigorously test the factor structure of the TriPM using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.
• To compare the fit of the original three-factor model against emergent factor structures.
• To examine the impact of structural misspecification on the TriPM's external correlates.

Main Methods:

• Utilized large community samples (N=1,064) and replication samples (N=511-603) from North America and Europe.
• Included a European male offender sample (N=150).
• Employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to assess the TriPM's structure and its relationship with external correlates.

Main Results:

• The hypothesized three-factor model of the TriPM showed poor fit (CFI=.76, RMSEA=.08).
• A seven-factor structure demonstrated a significantly better fit (CFI=.92, RMSEA=.04), comprising factors such as Positive Self-Image, Callousness, and Trait Impulsivity.
• Emergent factors showed differential associations with external correlates, indicating limitations of the original three-factor model.

Conclusions:

• The TriPM's three-factor structure is not adequately supported by empirical data.
• A seven-factor model provides a more robust representation of the TriPM's underlying dimensions.
• Rethinking the TriPM's structure is necessary for optimal representation of psychopathy constructs.