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Updated: Dec 30, 2025
Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
Published on: June 12, 2021
Anti-tumor immune response varies among individuals: A gene expression profiling of mouse melanoma
Xiaoyue Yang1, Zhiming Ma2, Ying Zhang1
1Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Abstract:
Melanoma is amongst the most aggressive malignant tumors. The purpose of this study is to detect the tumor microenvironment systematically using multi-omics analyses and to propose strategies for precision medicine. Multiple factors of tumor microenvironment contribute to the drug resistance and immune surveillance failure. Here we analyzed genome mutations and characterized the immune state of tumor microenvironments in mouse melanoma by whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) approaches. Somatic mutation analysis revealed 35.1% novel mutations in mouse tumors when compared with B16F10 cell line, provided a basis for multi-site sequencing for accurate neoantigen selection. Mutation cluster, gene expression comparison, and gene ontology (GO) analyses by R packages proved DNA repair damage, inflammation, slower cell division, and metabolic change in tumor microenvironment. Further analyses of T-cell receptor (TCR) sequences, immune signaling pathway activation, tumor infiltrated immune cells and chemokine expression revealed extensive difference of antitumor immune response among individuals. Our study revealed the characteristics of tumor microenvironment with mouse melanoma model, suggested the need of comprehensive genome mutations and personal immune state analyses for cancer precision medicine.
Insights
This study analyzes mouse melanoma's tumor microenvironment using multi-omics. Findings reveal genetic mutations and immune variations, crucial for developing personalized cancer precision medicine strategies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Genomics
Background:
- Melanoma is an aggressive cancer.
- Tumor microenvironment factors drive drug resistance and immune evasion.
- Understanding the tumor microenvironment is key for effective cancer therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically detect the tumor microenvironment in mouse melanoma using multi-omics analyses.
- To identify strategies for advancing precision medicine in melanoma treatment.
- To characterize the interplay between genetic mutations and immune responses within the tumor microenvironment.
Main Methods:
- Whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) were employed.
- Somatic mutation analysis, gene expression comparison, and gene ontology (GO) analyses were performed.
- T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, immune cell profiling, and chemokine expression analysis were conducted.
Main Results:
- 35.1% novel mutations were identified in mouse melanoma tumors compared to the B16F10 cell line.
- Analyses indicated DNA repair damage, inflammation, slower cell division, and metabolic changes within the tumor microenvironment.
- Significant individual differences in anti-tumor immune responses were observed, including immune cell infiltration and signaling pathways.
Conclusions:
- The study characterized the tumor microenvironment in a mouse melanoma model.
- Comprehensive analysis of genome mutations and individual immune states is essential for cancer precision medicine.
- Findings support the development of targeted therapies based on specific tumor genetic and immune profiles.
