Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves
Published on: October 17, 2013
Modes of bioprosthetic valve failure: a narrative review
Alex Koziarz1, Ahmad Makhdoum, Jagdish Butany
1Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Purpose Of Review:
A thorough understanding of the modes of bioprosthetic valve failure is critical as clinicians will be facing an increasing number of patients presenting with failed bioprostheses in coming years. The purpose of this article is to review modes of bioprosthestic valve degeneration, their management, and identify gaps for future research.
Recent Findings:
Guidelines recommend monitoring hemodynamic performance of prosthetic valves using serial echocardiograms to determine valve function and presence of valve degeneration. Modes of bioprosthetic valve failure may be categorized as structural degeneration (calcification, tears, fibrosis, flail), nonstructural degeneration (pannus), thrombosis, and endocarditis. Calcification is the most common form of structural valve degeneration. Predictors of bioprosthetic valve failure include valves implanted in the mitral position, younger age, and type of valve (porcine versus bovine pericardial). Failed bioprosthetic valves are managed with either redo surgical replacement or transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation.
Summary:
Several modes of bioprosthetic valve failure exist, which vary based on patient, implant position, and valve characteristics. Further research is required to characterize factors associated with early failure to delay structural valve degeneration and improve patient prognosis.
More Related Videos
05:31Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model
Published on: June 8, 2022
06:56Author Spotlight: Advancing Cardiac Procedure Testing Prior to Embarking on Large Animal Studies
Published on: August 25, 2023
Related Concept Videos
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction
Heart Valves
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests