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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

A Protocol to Evaluate and Quantify Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Pathologies in Mouse Models of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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Published on: March 10, 2023

CUTICULAR DRUSEN: Risk of Geographic Atrophy and Macular Neovascularization.

Yoichi Sakurada^1,2,3, Ravi Parikh^1,2, Orly Gal-Or^1,2,4

¹LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, New York.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)

|January 24, 2020

Summary

Cuticular drusen (CD) significantly increase the risk of developing geographic atrophy (GA) and macular neovascularization (MNV), particularly in specific phenotypes. Early detection and monitoring are crucial for managing this AMD-like progression.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Retinal Diseases
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Background:

Cuticular drusen (CD) are associated with AMD manifestations like atrophy and neovascularization.
Understanding the progression risk of CD to AMD sequelae is critical for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

To estimate the 5-year risk of progression from cuticular drusen (CD) to geographic atrophy (GA) and macular neovascularization (MNV).
To categorize CD into distinct phenotypes and assess their differential risk of progression.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal follow-up of eyes with CD, with retrospective analysis where possible.
Categorization of CD into three phenotypes based on distribution and association with large drusen.
Kaplan-Meier estimation used to calculate the 5-year incidence of GA and MNV.

Main Results:

Geographic atrophy developed in 19.0% of eyes, and MNV in 4.8%.
The estimated 5-year risk for GA and MNV was 28.4% and 8.7%, respectively.
Phenotypes 2 and 3 showed significantly higher 5-year incidence rates of GA or MNV (50.0% and 51.6%) compared to Phenotype 1 (12.6%).

Conclusions:

Phenotypes 2 and 3 of CD carry a significant risk of progression to GA or MNV.
CD, often diagnosed in the fifth decade with female predominance, may represent part of the AMD spectrum.
Multimodal imaging is essential for detecting CD and monitoring the risk of progression to GA and MNV.