Mechanism of the postural vasoconstrictor response in the human foot

1. The mechanism of postural vasoconstriction in the skin of the foot was examined in 102 healthy subjects by using laser Doppler flowmetry. 2. In 45 subjects, when one foot was lowered 50 cm below heart level and the other foot kept horizontal, blood flow was progressively reduced in the dependent foot (by 79%) with a concomitant, but less pronounced, reduction in flow in the horizontal foot (by 18%), indicating that a central mechanism is involved. After lumbar sympathetic blockade (in 10 patients with epidural anaesthesia), the flow in the horizontal foot remained virtually constant, indicating that the central component is mainly mediated via efferent sympathetic nerves, whereas the postural fall in flow in the dependent foot, though partially attenuated, was preserved, indicating that a local mechanism is mainly involved. 3. On lowering one foot below heart level in 12 subjects, there was a small but significant reduction in systolic and mean arterial pressures during the first minute of dependency. During the fourth minute, systolic pressure decreased, diastolic pressure and heart rate increased, but the mean arterial pressure was maintained. 4. In 19 subjects postural vasoconstriction was nearly abolished during local nervous blockade (lignocaine 3.7 x 10(-4)-7.4 x 10(-2) mol/l), indicating that the local mechanism mediating the vasoconstriction is mainly neurogenic in nature. However, there was still a small fall (19%) in flow in the dependent foot during blockade, probably indicating a minor contribution of a local myogenic mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)