Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

385
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
385
Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

374
Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
374
Storage01:23

Storage

296
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
296
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

385
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
385
Flashbulb Memory01:16

Flashbulb Memory

281
A flashbulb memory is a highly vivid and detailed memory, often linked to events of significant emotional impact. These memories stand out in contrast to everyday memories due to their clarity and the precision with which they are recalled. The strong emotions associated with the event act as a catalyst, ensuring that specific details, such as one's location, actions, and even peripheral elements, are etched into memory with remarkable accuracy. For example, many people can vividly recall...
281
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

554
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
554

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

When seizure counts are not seizures: Measurement error and its implications for epilepsy management and driving policy.

Epilepsia·2026
Same author

Comparison of volume- and surface-based magnetic resonance imaging morphometry algorithms in the detection of focal cortical dysplasia.

Epilepsia·2026
Same author

Seminars in epileptology: Holistic management of epilepsy in adults with intellectual development disorders.

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape·2026
Same author

A multicenter, video-EEG-based validation of a multimodal wearable device for focal seizure detection in adults: The SeizeIT2 study.

Epilepsia open·2026
Same author

Mapping Individualized Dual-Axis Network Topology in Focal Epilepsy: Divergent Alterations in System Integrity, Integration, and Clinical Correlates.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Structural and Functional Connectivity Predict the Effects of Direct Brain Stimulation on Memory.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function
06:17

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function

Published on: January 26, 2024

2.5K

Reactivated Spatial Context Guides Episodic Recall.

Nora A Herweg1, Ashwini D Sharan2, Michael R Sperling3

  • 1Computational Memory Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, nherweg@sas.upenn.edu kahana@psych.upenn.edu.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|January 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Theta oscillations in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) link spatial coding and episodic memory recall. The hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus dynamically represent spatial context during memory retrieval.

Keywords:
MTLepisodic memoryhippocampusintracranial EEGreinstatementtheta

More Related Videos

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

11.9K
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function
06:17

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function

Published on: January 26, 2024

2.5K
A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

11.9K
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is crucial for spatial coding and episodic memory.
  • The interaction between spatial and episodic memory and their shared neurophysiological mechanisms are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how spatial information is dynamically reactivated in human MTL subregions.
  • To determine how this reactivation guides episodic information recall.
  • To explore the neurophysiological underpinnings of spatial coding and episodic memory.

Main Methods:

  • Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) was used in 29 subjects performing a hybrid spatial-episodic memory task.
  • Analysis focused on theta oscillations and their role in spatial context retrieval.
  • Cross-frequency coupling between hippocampal theta and parahippocampal gamma was examined.

Main Results:

  • Theta oscillations across the MTL serve as a common substrate for spatial coding in navigation and episodic recall.
  • Hippocampal activity related to spatial context is high before recall, then decreases as parahippocampal activity increases.
  • Hippocampal theta phase modulates parahippocampal gamma amplitude, indicating cross-frequency coupling in spatial information processing.

Conclusions:

  • Theta oscillations are critical for accessing the 'cognitive map' during episodic retrieval.
  • The hippocampus and extrahippocampal MTL exhibit dynamic interplay in representing retrieved spatial context.
  • This study advances a unified theory of MTL function in spatial navigation and episodic memory.