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Published on: October 31, 2025
Effect of Chronic Pancreatitis on Complications and Mortality in DM Patients: A 10-year Nationwide Cohort Study
Cheng-Heng Lin1, Nai-Cheng Yeh2, Jhi-Joung Wang3
1Department of Gastroenterology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.
Context:
Chronic pancreatitis (CP), is a long-term inflammation of the pancreatic parenchyma, and might increase risk of a hyperglycemia crisis or hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the relationship has not been previously investigated.
Objective:
To investigate the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), hypoglycemia, and long-term outcomes in DM patients with CP.
Design:
A population-based cohort study.
Setting And Participants:
Tapping Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 506 DM patients with newly diagnosed CP from 1999 to 2010 and created a control cohort consisting of 5060 age- and sex-matched DM patients without CP from the same time period. We followed those 2 cohorts from the index date to occurrence of outcomes, the date of death or 31 December 2012.
Main Outcome Measures:
DKA, HHS, hypoglycemia and mortality.
Results:
DM patients with CP, who were predominantly male (88%) and younger (60% < 45 years old), had a 9.5-, 5.0-, and 3.0-fold higher risk for DKA (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.51-13.91), HHS (95% CI: 2.85-8.62), and hypoglycemia (95% CI: 2.23-4.08), respectively. They also had lower 1-, 5-, and 10-year cumulative survival rates (98.4% vs 99.0%, 87.7% vs 96.6%, and 78.7% vs 93.6%, respectively) (log-rank test: P < .001), and a 2.43-fold higher risk for death (HR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.82-3.27).
Conclusions:
In Taiwan, DM patients with CP have a higher incidence of DKA, HHS, hypoglycemia, and mortality. More attention is needed for preventing hyperglycemia crisis and hypoglycemia prevention in this population.
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