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Related Concept Videos

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Reinforcement Schedules

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Positive reinforcement is a powerful method for teaching new behaviors to both animals and humans. B.F. Skinner demonstrated this with his experiments using rats in a Skinner box. When a rat pressed a lever, it received a food pellet. This immediate reward encouraged the rat to repeat the behavior. This method, where a reward follows every instance of the behavior, is known as continuous reinforcement. It is highly effective for establishing new behaviors quickly.
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The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched pairs evaluates the null hypothesis by combining the ranks of differences with their signs. It essentially tests whether the median of the differences in a population of matched pairs is zero. Since the test incorporates more information than the sign test, it generally yields more trustable conclusions. This test also does not require the data to follow a normal distribution, but two conditions must be met for it to be applicable: (1) the data must...
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A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
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An Evaluation of Conditional Manding Using a Four-Component Multiple Schedule.

Jessica S Akers1,2, Billie J Retzlaff1, Wayne W Fisher1

  • 11University of Nebraska Medical Center's Munroe-Meyer Institute's Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, 985450 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA.

The Analysis of Verbal Behavior
|January 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) learned to request items appropriately. This study demonstrates teaching conditional discrimination for mands, improving communication skills for children with ASD.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderConditional discriminationMandMultiple scheduleVerbal behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Behavior Analysis
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Current autism spectrum disorder (ASD) verbal behavior curricula often teach multiple mands early on.
  • Few curricula train children with ASD to make context-appropriate requests and avoid inappropriate ones.

Observation:

  • A single participant with ASD was taught two initial mands.
  • These mands were then placed under the conditional discriminative control of a four-component multiple schedule.

Findings:

  • The participant learned to differentially mand for reinforcers based on the schedule components.
  • This demonstrates successful implementation of conditional discrimination in mand training for a child with ASD.

Implications:

  • This approach may enhance the functional communication skills of children with ASD.
  • Bringing mands under discriminative control can lead to more appropriate and context-specific requesting behaviors.