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Related Concept Videos

Behaviorism01:28

Behaviorism

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The field of behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner fundamentally shifted the focus of psychology to the observable and controllable aspects of human and animal behavior. This shift marked a critical evolution in the discipline, emphasizing scientific rigor and experimental methodology.
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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Behavior Modification01:21

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Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
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Milgram's Obedience to Authority02:20

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The Scientific Method02:40

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Research is what makes the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are observable realities, and opinions are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate. In the scientific community, facts can be established only using evidence collected through empirical research.
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Body:Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
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Novel Object Exploration as a Potential Assay for Higher Order Repetitive Behaviors in Mice
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The "Reproducibility Crisis:" Might the Methods Used Frequently in Behavior-Analysis Research Help?

Marc N Branch1

  • 1Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.

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PubMed
Summary

The scientific reproducibility crisis, with ~50% of studies failing replication, stems from over-reliance on p-values for publication. Embracing methods like those in Behavior Analysis, which emphasize replication, can improve scientific reliability.

Keywords:
Individual-case designsP-valuesReplicationStatistical significance

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical and behavioral sciences
  • Scientific research methodology

Background:

  • The scientific community faces a significant reproducibility crisis, characterized by approximately 50% of research failing to replicate.
  • This crisis erodes public trust in science and highlights fundamental issues in current research practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the primary cause of the reproducibility crisis.
  • To propose alternative research methodologies that enhance the reliability of scientific findings.

Main Methods:

  • Critical analysis of the role of p-values in scientific publication.
  • Examination of research traditions, such as Behavior Analysis, that prioritize within- and between-participant replication.

Main Results:

  • The widespread use of p-values as a publication criterion is identified as the main driver of the reproducibility crisis.
  • P-values do not provide quantitative information regarding the repeatability of experimental results.

Conclusions:

  • Shifting away from p-value-centric publication is crucial for addressing the reproducibility crisis.
  • Adopting research designs that integrate replication, as practiced in Behavior Analysis, can bolster scientific validity and public confidence.