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Related Concept Videos

Indicators02:39

Indicators

57.2K
Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein is a colorless substance in any aqueous solution with a hydronium ion concentration greater than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH < 8.3). In more basic solutions where the hydronium ion concentration is less than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH > 8.3), it is red or pink. Substances such as phenolphthalein, which can be used to determine the pH of a solution, are...
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Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

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The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para...
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Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

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Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
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An inkjet-printed sulfonephthalein dye indicator array for volatile amine detection.

Xiaoyu Luo1, Loong-Tak Lim1

  • 1Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.

Journal of Food Science
|January 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a colorimetric indicator array using piezoelectric inkjet printing to detect volatile amine spoilage gases in fish and seafood. The array successfully discriminated six different amines, offering a promising tool for intelligent food packaging.

Keywords:
amine detectioncolorimetric indicatorinkjet printingintelligent packaging

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Colorimetric indicators are crucial for intelligent food packaging, enabling real-time quality assessment and monitoring of food products.
  • Volatile amines are primary indicators of spoilage in fish and seafood, necessitating reliable detection methods.
  • Existing methods for volatile amine detection can be complex or lack the visual feedback required for consumer-facing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a colorimetric indicator array for detecting volatile amines indicative of fish and seafood spoilage.
  • To utilize piezoelectric inkjet printing for the fabrication of these indicator arrays.
  • To evaluate the array's ability to discriminate between different volatile amines and its potential for intelligent packaging.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of piezoelectric inkjet printing inks using sulfonephthalein dyes in a water/ethanol/1-butanol mixture.
  • Fabrication of a 7x9 colorimetric indicator array on inkjet transparency films by controlling RGB parameters.
  • Characterization of ink printability (density, surface tension, viscosity) and evaluation of printed dye morphology (SEM) and dye-volatiles interactions (FTIR).

Main Results:

  • A printable ink formulation was successfully developed, enabling the fabrication of a 7x9 indicator array via piezoelectric inkjet printing.
  • The colorimetric indicator array demonstrated the capability to discriminate between six different volatile amines (ammonia, trimethylamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine, piperidine, hydrazine) at various concentrations.
  • Ink properties confirmed suitability for printing, and microstructural and spectroscopic analyses validated dye-volatiles interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Piezoelectric inkjet printing provides an efficient, flexible, and convenient method for fabricating colorimetric indicators for food spoilage volatiles.
  • The developed indicator array shows significant promise as a sensing component in intelligent packaging systems for fish and seafood, correlating with key quality parameters.
  • Further research is needed for commercialization, focusing on real-world packaging integration, dye migration mitigation, and optimized pattern design for interpretation.