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Phased Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer Array for Rayleigh Wave Surface Defect Detection.

Lunci Xiang, David Greenshields, Steve Dixon

    IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
    |January 25, 2020
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    Summary

    A new phased electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) array system effectively detects and sizes surface-breaking defects. This technology offers enhanced flexibility for ultrasonic testing by tuning wavelengths without physical coil adjustments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Non-Destructive Testing
    • Ultrasonic Transduction

    Background:

    • Surface-breaking defects pose significant challenges in material integrity assessment.
    • Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs) offer non-contact ultrasonic wave generation and detection.
    • Phased array techniques enhance ultrasonic inspection capabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a phased EMAT array system for detecting and characterizing surface-breaking defects.
    • To demonstrate the capability of controlling ultrasound wavelength by adjusting phase delays in a multi-coil EMAT array.
    • To assess the sensitivity and sizing accuracy of the developed system for various defect depths.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a four-coil linear phased EMAT array system with individually controlled channels.
    • Generation of narrowband and broadband Rayleigh waves by manipulating high-current electronics and coil design.
    • Implementation of phase delay control to tune the ultrasound wavelength.
    • Utilizing a transmit-receive setup with a broadband EMAT detector for defect characterization.
    • Validation using machined surface slots of varying depths.

    Main Results:

    • The four-coil phased array successfully generated Rayleigh waves with a tunable wavelength range of 3.0 to 11.7 mm.
    • The system demonstrated high sensitivity to surface-breaking defects.
    • Accurate characterization and sizing of defects were achieved by adjusting the operating wavelength through phasing.
    • A wide depth sensitivity range for defect sizing was demonstrated.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed phased EMAT array system provides a flexible and effective solution for surface-breaking defect detection and characterization.
    • Phasing control allows for precise tuning of ultrasound wavelength, enhancing inspection capabilities.
    • This technology significantly increases detection flexibility and accuracy in non-destructive evaluation.