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The Pathogenesis of Nodding Syndrome
Tory P Johnson1, James Sejvar2, Thomas B Nutman3
1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
Annual Review of Pathology
|January 25, 2020
Summary
Nodding syndrome, a rare pediatric epilepsy in Africa, remains enigmatic. This review explores its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and links to Onchocerca volvulus, highlighting progress in treatment and prevention.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Epidemiology
- Tropical Medicine
Background:
- Nodding syndrome is a rare, epidemic pediatric epilepsy in Africa.
- Its etiology is unclear, but it's linked to Onchocerca volvulus-associated neurological complications.
- Understanding pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- Review the epidemiology and environmental factors of nodding syndrome.
- Critically analyze hypotheses regarding the syndrome's pathogenesis.
- Highlight progress in treatment and prevention, and identify future research needs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of epidemiological data.
- Analysis of environmental associations.
- Critical evaluation of etiological hypotheses.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on treatment and prevention.
Main Results:
- Nodding syndrome is a distinct entity, likely on a spectrum of Onchocerca volvulus neurological disease.
- Epidemiological and environmental factors are examined.
- Hypotheses on pathogenesis are critically analyzed.
- Progress in treatment and prevention is summarized.
Conclusions:
- Nodding syndrome requires further research into its complex etiology.
- Understanding its link to Onchocerca volvulus is key.
- Continued efforts in treatment and prevention are vital for affected children.
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