Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

3.8K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
3.8K
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

5.0K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
5.0K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

40.1K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
40.1K
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

4.8K
Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
4.8K
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

7.9K
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
7.9K
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

9.8K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
9.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Human Carpentry: Exploring the Parallels Between Orthopaedic Surgery and Woodworking.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2025
Same author

Diagnosing Osteoporosis for the Spine Practitioner.

Spine·2025
Same author

Update on Atypical Femoral Fractures.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2024
Same author

Author response to letter to editor: OSIN-D-23-00474, "letter to the editor regarding 'Opportunistic use of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging for osteoporosis screening'".

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2023
Same author

Fracture in Patients with Normal Bone Mineral Density: An Evaluation of the American Orthopaedic Association's Own the Bone Registry.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2022
Same author

Secondary Fracture Rate After Vertebral Osteoporotic Compression Fracture Is Decreased by Anti-Osteoporotic Medication but Not Increased by Cement Augmentation.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2022
Same journal

Do Younger Patients Undergoing Transfibular Total Ankle Arthroplasty Achieve Outcomes Comparable with Those of Older Patients? Interpreting Nonsignificant Differences in Clinical Research: Commentary on an article by Kevin A. Schafer, MD, et al.: "Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes at a Mean of 7 Years Following Primary Transfibular Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Younger and Older Patients".

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
Same journal

Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes at a Mean of 7 Years Following Primary Transfibular Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Younger and Older Patients.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
Same journal

Quantifying Protrusio Risk in the Metastatic Acetabulum: A Step Toward Precision: Commentary on an article by Will Jiang, BS, et al.: "Development of a Radiographic Scoring System to Estimate Acetabular Protrusion Risk in Patients with Osteolytic Periacetabular Metastases".

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
Same journal

Can We Find the Oracle of Fracture Union?: Commentary on an article by Luke A. Lopas, MD, et al.: "A Fracture Healing Odyssey: Kinematic Comparison of Unions and Nonunions in Human Lower-Extremity Long Bones Treated with Intramedullary Nailing. A Retrospective Cohort Study".

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
Same journal

Stacked-Cone Constructs for Extensive Tibial and/or Femoral Bone Loss in Complex Primary and Revision TKA: A Multicenter Analysis of 84 Cases.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
Same journal

Shaping Modern Practice in South Korea: A Centennial Review of Orthopaedics at Severance Hospital and Yonsei University College of Medicine.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential
05:25

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential

Published on: July 21, 2023

1.8K

Bone Health Optimization in Orthopaedic Surgery.

Aamir Kadri1, Neil Binkley, Kristyn J Hare

  • 1Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation (A.K., K.J.H., and P.A.A.), and the Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program (N.B.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
|January 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoporosis and poor bone quality are prevalent in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Bone health screening, including Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) evaluation, is recommended for adults aged 50 and older before surgery.

More Related Videos

Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy
08:15

Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.4K
Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential
05:25

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential

Published on: July 21, 2023

1.8K
Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy
08:15

Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.4K
Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Bone Health
  • Osteoporosis Management

Background:

  • Osteoporosis is linked to negative outcomes in orthopaedic surgery.
  • Bone health optimization aims to reduce postoperative complications.
  • This study investigated bone quality in surgical candidates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize patients referred for bone health optimization.
  • To test if poor bone quality is common in orthopaedic patients.
  • To determine if patients meet osteoporosis treatment guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 124 patients (≥50 years) undergoing arthroplasty or thoracolumbar surgery.
  • Collected Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data.
  • Evaluated opportunistic CT scans and trabecular bone score; applied WHO and NOF guidelines.

Main Results:

  • High prevalence of osteoporosis (45% women, 20% men) and degraded bone microarchitecture (64% via CT, 64% via TBS).
  • 91% met National Osteoporosis Foundation criteria for treatment; 75% received prescriptions.
  • 56% had prior fractures; mean height loss was over 5 cm.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoporosis, poor bone microarchitecture, prior fractures, and high fracture risk are common in this surgical cohort.
  • Bone health screening, including FRAX, should be considered for selected patients ≥50 undergoing orthopaedic surgery.
  • Preoperative optimization of bone health is crucial for improved surgical outcomes.