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Exploring Clinically-Relevant Experimental Models of Neonatal Shock and Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Lila S Nolan1, James L Wynn2, Misty Good1
1Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
Shock (Augusta, Ga.)
|January 25, 2020
Summary
Neonatal shock and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are critical issues in premature infants. This review assesses animal models for studying these conditions and developing new treatments.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal immunology
- Gastroenterology
- Comparative medicine
Background:
- Neonatal shock and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) significantly impact premature infant survival.
- NEC involves intestinal barrier immaturity, immune dysfunction, and dysbiosis.
- Understanding pathogenesis requires accurate neonatal disease models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review immunologic differences between neonates and adults.
- To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of various animal models for NEC and shock.
- To explore therapeutic development opportunities.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on neonatal disease models.
- Analysis of animal models (rats, mice, piglets, primates) for NEC and shock.
- Assessment of enteral and intraperitoneal bacterial pathogen induction methods.
Main Results:
- Established animal models offer unique benefits for studying neonatal diseases.
- Each species model provides specific insights into NEC and shock pathogenesis.
- Immunologic immaturity in neonates is a key factor.
Conclusions:
- Appropriate animal model selection is crucial for advancing NEC and shock research.
- Models facilitate the discovery of targeted neonatal therapies.
- Further research into neonatal pathophysiology is essential.
