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Recognition memory: Tulving's contributions and some new findings
Henry L Roediger1, Eylul Tekin1
1Washington University in St. Louis, USA.
Neuropsychologia
|January 25, 2020
Summary
This study revisits Endel Tulving's memory research, highlighting recognition memory and the remembering-knowing distinction. It introduces confidence accuracy characteristic plots and defines "everyday amnesia" as high-confidence memory misses.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Memory Research
Background:
- Endel Tulving's foundational work in human memory, particularly recognition memory.
- The distinction between "remembering" and "knowing" in memory recall.
- The implications of false memories in paradigms like Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM).
Purpose of the Study:
- To re-evaluate Endel Tulving's early contributions to recognition memory research.
- To explore the relationship between memory confidence, accuracy, and phenomenal experience.
- To investigate the phenomenon of "everyday amnesia" in healthy individuals.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of Tulving's 1968 paper on recognition memory.
- Examination of the remembering-knowing distinction and its link to confidence levels.
- Application of confidence accuracy characteristic (CAC) plots to recognition memory experiments.
- Experimental investigation of high-confidence misses in recognition tasks.
Main Results:
- High confidence in recognition responses correlates with high accuracy, even with numerous items.
- The DRM paradigm reveals significant false remembering, challenging the use of subjective experience as a direct memory measure.
- Experiments show that "everyday amnesia" (high-confidence misses) occurs in 15-20% of recognition failures in healthy subjects.
Conclusions:
- Tulving's early work on recognition memory remains essential.
- CAC plots are valuable tools for analyzing recognition memory and eyewitness research.
- Amnesia is not limited to clinical patients; "everyday amnesia" is a common phenomenon affecting memory accuracy in the general population.
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