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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention
Published on: December 15, 2023
Elmer Ccopa Rivera1,2, Jonathan J Swerdlow3, Rodney L Summerscales3
1Department of Engineering, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104, USA.
Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms analyze electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor data to predict luminophore concentration. This advances low-cost, smartphone-based diagnostic devices.
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