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Related Concept Videos

The Water Cycle01:00

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The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
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Predicting Water Cycle Characteristics from Percolation Theory and Observational Data.

Allen Hunt1, Boris Faybishenko2, Behzad Ghanbarian3

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|January 26, 2020
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Percolation theory explains how water and toxic waste move underground, impacting cleanup times. This study extends the theory to predict water partitioning and subsurface flow, crucial for managing contaminated aquifers.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrology
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Subsurface solute transport is critical for environmental cleanup, with heavy-tailed distributions causing significant delays.
  • Percolation theory offers a framework for understanding these transport laws, linking them to flow path dimensionality and saturation characteristics.
  • Existing models predict global water partitioning (evapotranspiration and runoff) but lack detail on subsurface flow components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend percolation theory to model the partitioning of runoff into surface and subsurface components.
  • To incorporate interception's contribution to evapotranspiration within the extended model.
  • To validate the model's predictions using global data on interception and runoff partitioning.

Main Methods:

  • Applied percolation theory concepts to extend the Budyko model for water balance.
  • Integrated data on interception magnitudes and runoff partitioning.
  • Analyzed variability in evapotranspiration based on these hydrological processes.

Main Results:

  • Successfully extended the Budyko model using percolation theory.
  • Demonstrated accurate prediction of global water partitioning, including subsurface runoff components.
  • Validated the universal applicability of percolation theory for solute transport and water balance.

Conclusions:

  • Percolation theory provides a robust framework for understanding complex hydrological processes, including subsurface solute transport and water partitioning.
  • The extended model accurately predicts the contribution of interception to evapotranspiration and the partitioning of runoff.
  • Findings offer valuable guidance for predicting subsurface flow rates in contaminated aquifers and understanding chemical weathering.