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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

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Removal of Congo red from aqueous solution by adsorption using gum ghatti and acrylamide graft copolymer coated with
Siva Mohan Reddy Goddeti1, Madhumita Bhaumik1, Arjun Maity1
1Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
Abstract:
Gum ghatti (Gg) and acrylamide (AAm) grafted copolymer [poly (Gg-AAm)] coated by zero valent iron (ZVI) was developed to remove toxic Congo red (CR) from waste water. Prepared composite, [poly (Gg-AAm)/ZVI] was characterized by FESEM, TEM, BET, FTIR and XRD. CR adsorption from water using [poly (Gg-AAm)/ZVI] was investigated and several parameters discussed, such as solution pH, contact time, dosage and temperature to find out removal efficiency of polymer composite. The kinetic data for the adsorption of CR followed the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity for CR at pH 7.0 were found to be 153.8, 200 and 250 mg/g at 25, 35 and 45 °C correspondingly. Desorption studies revealed that prepared composite can be used up to three cycles efficiently and thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) changes showed the adsorption of CR onto [poly (Gg-AAm)/ZVI] was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic.
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