Molecular mechanisms in cognitive frailty: potential therapeutic targets for oxygen-ozone treatment

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Neuroscience
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Cognitive frailty is a growing concern, characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic and endocrine changes, and impaired regeneration and immunity.
• Current treatments for cognitive frailty face challenges with efficacy and cost.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) therapy as a novel, non-pharmacological, low-cost intervention for cognitive frailty.
• To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying O2-O3 therapy's potential benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, regenerative, and anti-pathogen effects.
• To establish a scientific rationale for testing O2-O3 therapy in cognitive frailty.

Main Methods:

• Review and synthesis of existing scientific literature on cognitive frailty and ozone therapy.
• Identification of molecular pathways (Nrf2-ARE, NF-κB, NFAT, AP-1, HIFα) modulated by ozone therapy.
• Analysis of how these pathways relate to the pathophysiology of cognitive frailty.

Main Results:

• Ozone therapy activates key molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and regeneration.
• The proposed therapy has the potential to modulate immune, inflammatory, oxidant, metabolic, endocrine, microbiota, and regenerative processes.
• Ozone therapy has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, regenerative, and anti-pathogen properties.

Conclusions:

• Oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) therapy presents a novel, potentially effective, and inexpensive therapeutic strategy for cognitive frailty.
• This therapy could address multiple facets of cognitive frailty, including immune, inflammatory, and metabolic dysfunctions.
• Further research is warranted to validate the efficacy and safety of O2-O3 therapy for cognitive frailty.