The axolotl model for cancer research: a mini-review

Gastric cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with increased associated morbidity and mortality. Although a multimodality treatment approach is necessary, surgery is still considered as the standard of care. There is a longstanding intercontinental debate between Eastern and Western upper GI surgeons in regards to the proper type of lymphadenectomy that should accompany the resection of the primary tumor. While D2 gastrectomy was performed as the standard procedure in eastern countries, the increased morbidity and mortality attributed initially to the D2 lymphadenectomy by the Medical Research Council (MRC), the Dutch and the Italian randomized control trial without respective survival benefits had led Western surgeons towards a more limited lymphadenectomy. Only 15 years after the conclusion of its accrual, the Dutch trial reported a significant decrease in recurrence rate after D2 procedure and attributed the D2-associated morbidity and mortality to the spleno-pancreatectomy that was routinely performed in the D2 arm of the study. As the D2 lymphadenectomy can be safely and adequately performed while preserving the spleen and/or the pancreas, it has been suggested as the recommended procedure for patients with resectable gastric cancer.