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Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

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Very heavy dark Skyrmions.

Rainer Dick1

  • 1Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2 Canada.

The European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields
|January 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Very heavy dark matter particles (beyond 100 TeV) can be detected via enhanced annihilation cross sections. Massive Skyrmions offer a framework for this, particularly through a neutrino portal, avoiding limitations seen in Higgs portal models.

Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • Very heavy dark matter (DM) particles (>100 TeV) typically have low annihilation cross sections, hindering indirect detection.
  • Enhanced annihilation cross sections are crucial for detecting such heavy DM candidates through cosmic ray and neutrino fluxes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore scenarios for indirect detection of very heavy dark matter using a solitonic component.
  • To investigate Skyrmion dark matter models, specifically focusing on Higgs and neutrino portals.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of dark matter with a solitonic component.
  • Analysis of Higgs portal and neutrino portal interactions for Skyrmion dark matter.
  • Examination of annihilation cross section limitations and mediator decay effects.

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Main Results:

  • A solitonic component can enhance dark matter annihilation cross sections, aiding indirect detection.
  • The Higgs portal model exhibits a bottleneck, limiting signals due to dark mediator constraints.
  • The neutrino portal model circumvents this bottleneck by allowing dark mediator decay, facilitating observable signals.

Conclusions:

  • Massive Skyrmions provide a viable framework for very heavy dark matter scenarios.
  • Neutrino portal models are more promising for indirect detection of Skyrmion dark matter compared to Higgs portal models due to mediator decay mechanisms.