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Biased Symptom Reporting and Antisocial Behaviour in Forensic Samples: A Weak Link.

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Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law : an Interdisciplinary Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law
|January 28, 2020
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Summary

Antisocial behavior is not a reliable indicator of symptom over-reporting (malingering) in forensic and prisoner populations. The study found this association is weak and context-dependent, questioning its diagnostic utility.

Keywords:
antisocial personality disordermalingeringpsychopathyresponse biassymptom validity

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Psychopathology

Background:

  • Investigating the relationship between biased symptom reporting and antisocial behavior is crucial for accurate diagnosis in forensic and clinical settings.
  • Previous research has yielded mixed results regarding the utility of antisocial features as indicators of malingering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the connection between biased symptom reporting and antisocial behavior in forensic inpatients and prisoners.
  • To evaluate the validity of antisocial behavior as a marker for symptom over-reporting (malingering) within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition (DSM-5) framework.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted, one with 57 forensic inpatients and another with 45 prisoners.
  • Data were collected using self-report measures and behavioral assessments to evaluate symptom reporting and antisocial features.

Main Results:

  • A significant association between symptom over-reporting and antisocial features was found in self-report measures, but not in behavioral measures.
  • This association was stronger in punitive settings compared to therapeutic settings.
  • Participants over-reporting symptoms tended to attribute blame for their offenses to mental disorders and reported heightened antisocial features, but the reverse was not consistently observed.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide limited support for using antisocial behavior as a reliable indicator of symptom over-reporting (malingering) in forensic populations.
  • The utility of antisocial behavior as a marker for biased symptom reporting is considered unacceptably low, challenging its inclusion in diagnostic criteria.
  • Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay between antisociality, symptom reporting, and diagnostic accuracy in diverse clinical and forensic contexts.