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Dynamic Risk Factors, Protective Factors and Value-Laden Practices.

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Summary

Dynamic risk factors are central to correctional practices. This study re-frames these factors from characteristics to goal-directed practices, identifying underlying values and capacities to improve rehabilitation outcomes for offenders.

Keywords:
capacitiesdynamic risk factorsnormsprotective factorssexual offendingsocial practicesvalues

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Psychology
  • Criminology
  • Correctional Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Dynamic risk and protective factors are foundational to correctional practice and offender rehabilitation.
  • Recent debate questions the nature of these factors and their relationship to offending behavior.
  • Current focus on characteristics (e.g., attitudes, associates) may be less effective than understanding underlying processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To shift the focus in understanding risk and protective factors from static characteristics to dynamic practices.
  • To explore how values and human capacities embedded within practices influence offending.
  • To inform more effective rehabilitation strategies by targeting these identified capacities and contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis and theoretical reframing of dynamic risk and protective factors.
  • Examination of the relationship between goal-directed practices, embedded values, and human capacities.
  • Application of the framework using examples of risk and protective factors for sexual offending.

Main Results:

  • Risk and protective factors are better understood as goal-directed practices rather than static traits.
  • Practices are underpinned by values (priorities, motivators, norms) and human capacities.
  • Identification of specific capacities and contexts can guide targeted interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Reframing correctional practice around 'practices' rather than 'characteristics' offers a more nuanced understanding of offending.
  • Strengthening specific human capacities within relevant contexts can enhance rehabilitation effectiveness.
  • This approach has broad applicability beyond sexual offending to improve offender functioning and reduce harm.