Study on the Effect of Capsaicin on the Intestinal Flora through High-Throughput Sequencing

As a common kind of food, pepper is well known for its special effects on the physiological state of human individuals. Capsaicin, the main component of pepper, is speculated to be linked with intestinal microorganisms on account of their direct contact. Herein, we first utilized mouse models and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to compare the differences in intestinal flora between mouse groups with and without capsaicin treatment by gavage. The mice in the two groups showed significantly distinct performance in terms of body weight, leukocyte count, fecal humidity, and constituent ratios of intestinal bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia, Roseburia, Helicobacter, and Bacteroides species. In particular, the Faecalibacterium abundance was the most highly variable among the 5 bacterial genera. Based on statistical analysis and comparison, the variation tendency of body weight, leukocyte count, and fecal humidity was closely related to the bacteria. In conclusion, capsaicin could affect the physiological state of mice by changing the constitution of the intestinal flora.