Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

25.9K
25.9K
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

49.9K
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
49.9K
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:19

Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

3.2K
Intermolecular forces dictate several physical properties such as boiling points, melting points, solubilities, and so forth. They are classified into four types: ionic forces, hydrogen bonds, dipole–dipole forces, and dispersion forces. Ionic forces are the strongest, while dispersion forces are the weakest.
Among the carboxylic acid derivatives, the boiling points of acid chlorides and esters are very similar and are the lowest in the series. Acid anhydrides have slightly higher boiling...
3.2K
Physical Properties of Ethers02:17

Physical Properties of Ethers

8.2K
Overview
An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of alcohols of comparable molecular weight and slightly higher than those of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight (Table 1).
Ethers can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, making them more water-soluble than hydrocarbons, but since ethers cannot act as hydrogen bond donors, they are much less soluble in water than alcohols. Ethers are considered...
8.2K
Acid Strength and Molecular Structure03:05

Acid Strength and Molecular Structure

32.6K
Binary Acids and Bases
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
32.6K
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids01:31

Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids

6.1K
Carboxylic acids with lower molecular weight exhibit a sharp and unpleasant odor. They also have higher boiling and melting points than analogous compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols.
6.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Na<b><sup>+</sup></b> Solvation and Association in Na(SO<sub>3</sub>CF<sub>3</sub>)-Dimethoxyethane Electrolytes by Large-Angle X-Ray Scattering and DFT Calculations.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Clustering Modulates Reaction Mechanisms: A Case Study on Ester C-O Bond Cleavage.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Clusters and Their Contributions to Ionic Conductivity in NaOTf-DME Electrolytes.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Structure-driven sugar-water interactions in aqueous solutions; insights from ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2026
Same author

Deciphering Infrared Spectra in TBA-CCl<sub>4</sub> Mixtures via a Hybrid MD-DFT Framework.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Spectral Fingerprints of Hydrogen-Bonding in Water Solvation of Amino Acids.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
06:15

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Published on: October 31, 2019

12.6K

Structural Properties and Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions in Binary Mixtures Containing a Deep-Eutectic Solvent and

Payam Kalhor1, Jing Xu1, Hamad Ashraf1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|January 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Deep-eutectic solvents like ethaline, a choline chloride and ethylene glycol mixture, exhibit specific hydrogen bonding and structural changes when mixed with acetonitrile. These interactions influence solvent properties and potential applications.

More Related Videos

Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol
09:08

Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol

Published on: April 2, 2018

35.6K
Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
06:52

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

37.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
06:15

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Published on: October 31, 2019

12.6K
Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol
09:08

Separation of Aldehydes and Reactive Ketones from Mixtures Using a Bisulfite Extraction Protocol

Published on: April 2, 2018

35.6K
Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
06:52

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

37.2K

Area of Science:

  • Green chemistry
  • Physical chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Deep-eutectic solvents (DESs) represent a novel class of environmentally friendly solvents.
  • Ethaline, a DES composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG) in a 1:2 molar ratio, is a widely studied archetypal system.
  • Understanding the solvation behavior of DESs is crucial for their application in various chemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hydrogen bonding and structural properties of ethaline and its mixtures with acetonitrile.
  • To elucidate the molecular interactions and species formation upon mixing ethaline with acetonitrile.
  • To explore the influence of acetonitrile on the hydrogen bond network within the ethaline DES.

Main Methods:

  • Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to probe molecular vibrations and interactions.
  • Quantum chemical calculations were utilized to support experimental findings and understand electronic properties.
  • Excess and two-dimensional (2D)-correlation spectroscopies were applied to identify specific species and analyze solution heterogeneity.

Main Results:

  • Mixing ethaline with acetonitrile leads to the formation of ethaline-acetonitrile complexes (1:1 and 1:2).
  • The proportion of ethylene glycol dimers and trimers, as well as acetonitrile monomers, increases in the mixtures.
  • Acetonitrile does not significantly disrupt the strong hydrogen bonds between choline cations (Ch+) and chloride anions (Cl-) in ethaline.
  • Acetonitrile molecules primarily interact with the hydroxyl groups of ethylene glycol and choline cations via noncovalent hydrogen bonds, avoiding chloride anions.

Conclusions:

  • The solvation structure of ethaline is modulated by acetonitrile, forming specific complexes and altering the distribution of smaller molecular aggregates.
  • The core ionic interactions within ethaline remain largely intact upon addition of acetonitrile.
  • These findings provide fundamental insights into the molecular behavior of DES-cosolvent mixtures, guiding their future applications.