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Related Concept Videos

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

2.5K
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.5K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

4.1K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
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Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.9K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.9K
Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:17

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.4K
The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
2.4K

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A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis
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A Green Approach for Organic Transformations Using Microwave Reactor.

Subrata Das1, Rupak Banik2, Brajesh Kumar1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Panta 800005, India.

Current Organic Synthesis
|January 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microwave-assisted organic transformation (MAOR) offers significant advantages over conventional heating, including faster reactions and higher yields. This green chemistry approach is revolutionizing organic synthesis in both academic and industrial settings.

Keywords:
Microwave irradiationgreen synthesisheterocyclic compoundsmicrowave reactororganic name reactionsorganic transformations

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional heating methods in organic synthesis are being replaced by microwave heating.
  • Microwave-assisted organic transformation (MAOR) is increasingly adopted in academia and industry.
  • MAOR offers advantages over classical methods, aligning with green technology principles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent developments and applications of microwave irradiation in organic synthesis.
  • To critically analyze the benefits of microwave irradiation compared to conventional heating techniques.
  • To highlight the advantages of MAOR for researchers in academia and industry.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on microwave irradiation in organic transformations.
  • Compilation of organic reactions and synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compounds using MAOR.
  • Comparative analysis of MAOR versus conventional heating methodologies.

Main Results:

  • Microwave irradiation significantly reduces reaction times.
  • Improved yields, selectivity, and product purity are observed with MAOR.
  • Work-up procedures are simplified using microwave-assisted techniques.

Conclusions:

  • MAOR is a highly efficient and advantageous green technology for organic synthesis.
  • The adoption of MAOR offers substantial benefits for both academic research and industrial applications.
  • This review underscores the value of MAOR for future synthetic chemistry endeavors.