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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

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Dendrite-Free Lithium Anodes Enabled by a Commonly Used Copper Antirusting Agent.

Tuo Kang1, Jianghui Zhao2, Feng Guo2

  • 1Shenzhen Engineering Lab of Flexible Transparent Conductive Films, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Benzotriazole (BTA) modification of copper foil enables uniform lithium plating, preventing dendrite formation in high energy density batteries. This breakthrough enhances lithium metal anode stability and performance for advanced battery applications.

Keywords:
Coulombic efficiencyLi metal anodebenzotriazoledendrite-freehomogeneous deposition

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Lithium metal anodes offer high energy density but suffer from dendrite formation and capacity decay.
  • Dendrite growth leads to short circuits and reduced battery lifespan, hindering practical application.
  • Developing stable lithium metal anodes is crucial for next-generation high-capacity batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of benzotriazole (BTA) as a surface modifier for copper foil anodes.
  • To guide homogeneous lithium-ion plating and stripping on modified copper substrates.
  • To improve the stability and performance of lithium metal anodes in secondary batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Surface modification of copper foil with benzotriazole (BTA).
  • Electrochemical evaluation of Li+ plating/stripping on BTA-modified copper (BTA-Cu) substrates.
  • Assembly and cycling of anode-free and lithium metal cells using BTA-Cu electrodes.

Main Results:

  • BTA modification promotes uniform Li+ plating/stripping, suppressing dendrite formation.
  • A high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.0% was achieved for Li+ plating/stripping on BTA-Cu at 1 mA/cm².
  • Anode-free cells (BTA-Cu∥LFP) retained ~73.3% capacity after 50 cycles.
  • BTA-Cu@Li electrodes demonstrated stable cycling with an average CE of 98.5% at 33% DOD.

Conclusions:

  • Benzotriazole is an effective modifier for copper anodes, enabling stable lithium metal plating.
  • The BTA-Cu substrate significantly enhances the Coulombic efficiency and cycle life of lithium metal anodes.
  • This simple surface modification strategy offers a promising route for developing high-performance lithium metal batteries.