Reproductive biology of Sykes and blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis)

Area of Science:

• Primate reproductive biology
• Veterinary science
• Zoological research

Background:

• The mitis monkey (Cercopithecus mitis), encompassing Sykes' and blue monkey subspecies, is a primate species of interest for reproductive studies.
• Understanding reproductive parameters in captive primates is crucial for conservation and research, yet data for some species remain limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To document reproductive parameters of mitis monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) housed in outdoor breeding groups over a five-year period.
• To assess the suitability of mitis monkeys for routine reproductive research based on their adaptation to captivity.

Main Methods:

• Observation of 35 live births over five years in outdoor, single-male harem groups of three mitis monkey subspecies.
• Individual monitoring of reproductive parameters in C. m. kolbi females, including menstrual cycle length and hormone concentrations (progesterone, estrogen).
• Evaluation of timed mating success.

Main Results:

• No evidence of birth seasonality was observed in the studied mitis monkey populations.
• A mean menstrual cycle length of 31.9 ± 6.0 days was recorded for C. m. kolbi, with a high incidence of irregular cycles.
• Mean luteal phase hormone levels: progesterone 5.5–10.7 nmol/L; estrogen 542–829 pmol/L. Timed mating attempts were unsuccessful.

Conclusions:

• Mitis monkeys exhibit a slow reproductive adaptation to captive environments, indicating they are not ideal for routine reproductive studies.
• Despite challenges, the species may offer valuable insights into the intricate factors governing guenon reproduction.