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Sexual dimorphisms in the overall proportions of primates.

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Sexual dimorphisms in dental dimensions of higher primates.

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Dental sexual dimorphisms in some extant hominoids and ramapithecines from China: A quantitative approach.

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The Foot's Arch and the Energetics of Human Locomotion.

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Behavioral Flexibility and the Conservation Value of Howler Monkey Populations in Small Habitat Patches.

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Ramapithecus and Sivapithecus from China: Some implications for higher primate evolution.

Wu Rukang1, Charles E Oxnard2

  • 1Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China.

American Journal of Primatology
|January 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ramapithecine fossils from China reveal two distinct groups with different dental dimorphism and tooth size. One group resembles humans, while the other is more ape-like, offering insights into primate evolution.

Keywords:
RamapithecusSivapithecuscanine sexual dimorphismcanine sizechimpanzeesdental and masticatory functionsfitted normal curvesfrequency histogramsgorillashumansorangutansrelative dental areassexual dimorphismssexual structuresocial structuretooth proportions

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoanthropology
  • Primate Evolution
  • Dental Morphology

Background:

  • Ramapithecine fossils from Lufeng, China, suggest the presence of multiple hominoid groups.
  • Previous studies indicated distinct animal groups at the Lufeng site.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze dental dimensions of Lufeng ramapithecines.
  • To compare fossil dental patterns with extant hominoids.
  • To investigate sexual dimorphism and potential dietary adaptations.

Main Methods:

  • Frequency distribution histograms of dental dimensions.
  • Fitted normal curves for statistical analysis.
  • Comparative analysis with extant ape and human dental data.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct ramapithecine groups identified: one with smaller teeth and less sexual dimorphism, the other with larger teeth and greater dimorphism.
  • The smaller-toothed group shows similarities to humans in dental patterns and potential omnivorous diet.
  • The larger-toothed group resembles apes, particularly orangutans, with ape-like dental features and a more vegetarian diet, but with unique canine projection and dimorphism.

Conclusions:

  • Lufeng ramapithecines represent at least two distinct populations with differing dental morphology and dimorphism.
  • Dental evidence suggests divergence in dietary habits and sexual selection pressures.
  • Findings contribute to understanding early hominid and pongid evolution, and primate sexual dimorphism.