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Updated: Dec 29, 2025
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Published on: August 19, 2025
Long-Term Ultraviolet A Eye Irradiation Causes Retina Denaturation in Mice
Keiichi Hiramoto1, Yurika Yamate1, Eisuke F Sato1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan.
Background:
Long-term ultraviolet (UV) A eye irradiation in mice initiates the induction of photoaging. However, the changes in the eye due to long-term exposure to UVA radiation are still unclear.
Methods:
Male C57BL/6j (control) and inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS-/-) mice were used in this study. The eyes of the mice were locally exposed to UVA radiation for 12 months.
Results:
The expression of iNOS, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor, β-amyloid, and macrophages in the retina all increased after UVA irradiation. Furthermore, in the iNOS-/- mice, no retinal changes were induced by UVA eye irradiation.
Conclusions:
These results indicated that long-term UVA eye irradiation led to iNOS-induced denaturation of the retina; however, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
